windows7下使用MongoDB實現(xiàn)倉儲設(shè)計

簡單的介紹一下，我使用MongoDB的場景。

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我們現(xiàn)在的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境下，有部分數(shù)據(jù)，采樣頻率為2000條記錄/分鐘，這樣下來一天24*60*2000=2880000約等于300萬條數(shù)據(jù)，以后必然還會增加。之前數(shù)據(jù)庫使用的是mssql，對于數(shù)據(jù)庫的壓力很大，同時又需要保證歷史查詢的響應(yīng)速度，這種情況下，在單表中數(shù)據(jù)量大，同時存在讀寫操作。不得已采用MongoDB來存儲數(shù)據(jù)。如果使用MongoDB，則至少需要三臺機器，兩臺實現(xiàn)讀寫分離，一臺作為仲裁（當(dāng)然條件不允許也可以不用），每臺機器的內(nèi)存暫時配置在16G，公司小，沒辦法，據(jù)說，使用這個MongoDB需要機器內(nèi)存最少92G，我沒有驗證過，但是吃內(nèi)存是公認的，所以內(nèi)存絕對要保證，就算保證了，也不一定完全就沒有意外發(fā)生。我們上面的這些特殊的數(shù)據(jù)是允許少量的丟失的，這些只是做分析使用的，幾個月了，暫時還沒出現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)丟失的情況，可能最新版本早就修復(fù)了吧，新手使用建議多看下官網(wǎng)上的說明。下面直接奔入主題：

一、安裝部署和配置環(huán)境

1.安裝部署mongo-server（V3.4）

參考點擊這里進入

這個時候不要啟動，接著配置config文件

2.配置Config文件

dbpath=C:/Program Files/MongoDB/Server/3.4/bin/data/db 
logpath=C:/Program Files/MongoDB/Server/3.4/bin/data/log/master.log 
pidfilepath=C:/Program Files/MongoDB/Server/3.4/bin/master.pid 
directoryperdb=true 
logappend=true 
replSet=testrs 
bind_ip=10.1.5.25
port=27016 
oplogSize=10000
noauth = true
 
storageEngine = wiredTiger
wiredTigerCacheSizeGB = 2
syncdelay = 30
wiredTigerCollectionBlockCompressor = snappy

以上是詳細的配置參數(shù)，其中路徑部分根據(jù)需要更改，這里設(shè)置的oplogsize大小為10G，根據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)場景進行調(diào)整，另外auth權(quán)限為null，因為設(shè)置權(quán)限會增加服務(wù)開銷，影響效率，最下面幾行是內(nèi)存引擎，可以控制副本集同步及內(nèi)存限制，防止內(nèi)存泄露。

3.啟動mongo-server

4.添加副本集配置

conf=
{
  "_id" : "testrs",
  "members" : [
    { "_id" : 0, "host" : "10.1.5.25:27016" },
    { "_id" : 1, "host" : "10.1.5.26:27016" },
    { "_id" : 2, "host" : "10.1.5.27:27016" }
  ]
}

rs.initiate(conf)

此時副本集集群配置已經(jīng)完成，然后在命令行中輸入：rs.status()，查看副本集狀態(tài)，需要查看同步情況，可以輸入命令：db.serverStatus().

5.設(shè)置副本集可讀寫

Rs.slaveOk()

6..NET操作mongo

連接設(shè)置，請參考個人封裝Unitoon.Mongo代碼所示。

7.性能對比

讀寫速度：redis>Mongo>Mssqlserver

可容納數(shù)據(jù)量：Mssqlserver~Mongo>Redis

存儲數(shù)據(jù)類型：Mongo>Mssqlserver>Redis

Note：內(nèi)存持續(xù)上升，內(nèi)部沒有內(nèi)存回收機制，若限制內(nèi)存，則可能出現(xiàn)查詢速度變慢，數(shù)據(jù)丟失等問題，建議優(yōu)化查詢效率，建立索引

Db.test.ensureIndex({"username":1, "age":-1})

強制釋放內(nèi)存命令：db.runCommand({closeAllDatabases:1})

二、倉儲設(shè)計

1.基類BaseEntity

namespace UnitoonIot.Mongo
{
  /// 
  /// 實體基類，方便生成ObjId
  /// 
  [Serializable]
  [ProtoContract(ImplicitFields = ImplicitFields.AllPublic)]
  //[ProtoInclude(10, typeof(NormalHistory))]
  public class BaseEntity
  {
    //[BsonRepresentation(BsonType.ObjectId)]
    public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
 
    /// 
    /// 數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱
    /// 
    public string DbName { get; set; }
 
    /// 
    /// 給對象初值
    /// 
    public BaseEntity()
    {
      // this.ObjId = ObjectId.GenerateNewId().ToString();
      //this.Id = ObjectId.NewObjectId().ToString();
    }
  }
}

這里需要注意時間格式，MongoDB默認時間格式為國際時間，所以在寫入數(shù)據(jù)時和讀取數(shù)據(jù)時，時間格式要一致，此例中沒有對時間進行特殊處理，由傳入的時間格式確定。

2.Repository繼承接口IMongoRepository

namespace UnitoonIot.Mongo
{
  public interface IMongoRepository where TEntity : class
  {
  }
}

3.MongoRepository

using MongoDB.Driver;
using MongoDB.Bson;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using MongoDB.Bson.Serialization.Attributes;
using MongoDB.Driver.Linq;
using System.Configuration;
using System.IO;
using UnitoonIot.AppSetting;
 
namespace UnitoonIot.Mongo
{
 
  public class MongoDb
  {
    private static string ConnectionStringHost ;
    private static string UserName ;
    private static string Password;
    private static IMongoDatabase _db = null;
    private static readonly object LockHelper = new object();
    /// 
    /// mongodb初始化
    /// 
    public static void Init()
    {
      ConnectionStringHost = "10.1.5.24:27016,10.1.5.24:27016,10.1.5.26:27017";
      //AppSettings.GetConfigValue("MongoHost");//"10.1.5.24:27016";
      UserName = AppSettings.GetConfigValue("MongoUserName");
      Password = AppSettings.GetConfigValue("MongoPwd");
    }
    static MongoDb()
    {
     
    }
    public static IMongoDatabase GetDb(string dbName,string options=null)
    {
     
      if (_db != null) return _db;
      lock (LockHelper)
      {
 
        if (_db != null) return _db;
        var database = dbName;
        var userName = UserName;
        var password = Password;
        var authentication = string.Empty;
        var host = string.Empty;
        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(userName))
        {
          authentication = string.Concat(userName, ':', password, '@');
        }
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(options) && !options.StartsWith("?"))
        {
          options = string.Concat('?', options);
        }
 
 
 
        host = string.IsNullOrEmpty(ConnectionStringHost) ? "localhost" : ConnectionStringHost;
        database = database ?? "testdb";
        //mongodb://[username:password@]host1[:port1][,host2[:port2],…[,hostN[:portN]]][/[database][?options]]
 
        var conString = options!=null? $"mongodb://{authentication}{host}/{database}{options}"
          : $"mongodb://{authentication}{host}/{database}";
 
        var url = new MongoUrl(conString);
        var mcs = MongoClientSettings.FromUrl(url);
        mcs.MaxConnectionLifeTime = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1000);
        var client = new MongoClient(mcs);
               
        _db = client.GetDatabase(url.DatabaseName);
      }
      return _db;
    }
  }
  /// 
  /// MongoDb 數(shù)據(jù)庫操作類
  /// 
  public class MongoRepository: IMongoRepository where T : BaseEntity
  {
    #region readonly field
    /// 
    /// 表名
    /// 
    private readonly IMongoCollection _collection = null;
    /// 
    /// 數(shù)據(jù)庫對象
    /// 
    private readonly IMongoDatabase _database;
    #endregion
 
    /// 
    /// 構(gòu)造函數(shù)
    /// 
    public MongoRepository()
    {
      this._database = MongoDb.GetDb(Activator.CreateInstance().DbName, "readPreference =secondaryPreferred ");//primaryPreferred/secondaryPreferred/nearest
      _collection = _database.GetCollection(typeof(T).Name);
    }
   
 
    #region 增加
    /// 
    /// 插入對象
    /// 
    /// 插入的對象
    public virtual T Insert(T t)
    {
      // var flag = ObjectId.GenerateNewId();
      // t.GetType().GetProperty("Id").SetValue(t, flag);  
      //t.Time = DateTime.Now;
 
      _collection.InsertOne(t);
      return t;
    }
    /// 
    /// 批量插入
    /// 
    /// 要插入的對象集合
    public virtual IEnumerable InsertBatch(IEnumerable ts)
    {
      _collection.InsertMany(ts);
      return ts;
    }
 
    /// 
    /// 插入對象
    /// 
    /// 插入的對象
    public virtual void InsertAsync(T t)
    {
      //var flag = ObjectId.GenerateNewId();
      // t.GetType().GetProperty("Id").SetValue(t, flag);
      // t.Time = DateTime.Now;
       _collection.InsertOneAsync(t);
    }
    /// 
    /// 批量插入
    /// 
    /// 要插入的對象集合
    public virtual void InsertBatchAsync(IEnumerable ts)
    {
       _collection.InsertManyAsync(ts);
    }
    #endregion
 
    #region 刪除
    /// 
    /// 刪除
    /// 
    /// 
    public virtual long Delete(T t)
    {
      var filter = Builders.Filter.Eq("Id", t.Id);
      var result = _collection.DeleteOne(filter);
      return result.DeletedCount;     
    }
    /// 
    /// 刪除
    /// 
    /// 
    public virtual void DeleteAsync(T t)
    {
      var filter = Builders.Filter.Eq("Id", t.Id);
      _collection.DeleteOneAsync(filter);
    }
 
    /// 
    /// 按條件表達式刪除
    /// 
    /// 條件表達式
    /// 
    public virtual long Delete(Expression> predicate)
    {
      var result = _collection.DeleteOne(predicate);
      return result.DeletedCount;
    }
    /// 
    /// 按條件表達式刪除
    /// 
    /// 條件表達式
    /// 
    public virtual void DeleteAsync(Expression> predicate)
    {
      _collection.DeleteOneAsync(predicate);
    }
 
 
    /// 
    /// 按條件表達式批量刪除
    /// 
    /// 條件表達式
    /// 
    public virtual long DeleteBatch(Expression> predicate)
    {
      var result = _collection.DeleteMany(predicate);
      return result.DeletedCount;
    }
    /// 
    /// 按條件表達式批量刪除
    /// 
    /// 條件表達式
    /// 
    public virtual void DeleteBatchAsync(Expression> predicate)
    {
       _collection.DeleteManyAsync(predicate);
    }
 
    /// 
    /// 按檢索條件刪除
    /// 建議用Builders構(gòu)建復(fù)雜的查詢條件
    /// 
    /// 條件
    /// 
    public virtual long Delete(FilterDefinition filter)
    {
      var result = _collection.DeleteOne(filter);
      return result.DeletedCount;
    }
 
    /// 
    /// 按檢索條件刪除
    /// 建議用Builders構(gòu)建復(fù)雜的查詢條件
    /// 
    /// 條件
    /// 
    public virtual void DeleteAsync(FilterDefinition filter)
    {
       _collection.DeleteOneAsync(filter);
    }
    #endregion
 
    #region 修改
    /// 
    /// 修改(Id不變)
    ///   
    /// 
    public virtual long Update(T t)
    {     
      var filterBuilder = Builders.Filter;
      var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id",t.Id);
      var update = _collection.ReplaceOne(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
      return update.ModifiedCount;
    }
    /// 
    /// 修改(Id不變)
    ///   
    /// 
    public virtual void UpdateAsync(T t)
    {
      var filterBuilder = Builders.Filter;
      var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", t.Id);
       _collection.ReplaceOneAsync(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
       
    }
 
 
    /// 
    /// 用新對象替換新文檔
    /// 
    /// 查詢條件
    /// 對象
    /// 修改影響文檔數(shù)
    public virtual long Update(Expression> filter, T t)
    {
      var update = _collection.ReplaceOne(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
      return update.ModifiedCount;
    }
 
 
    /// 
    /// 用新對象替換新文檔
    /// 
    /// 查詢條件
    /// 對象
    /// 修改影響文檔數(shù)
    public virtual long Update(FilterDefinition filter, T t)
    {
      var update = _collection.ReplaceOne(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
      return update.ModifiedCount;
    }
    /// 
    /// 用新對象替換新文檔
    /// 
    /// 查詢條件
    /// 對象
    /// 修改影響文檔數(shù)
    public virtual void UpdateAsync(Expression> filter, T t)
    {
      _collection.ReplaceOneAsync(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
      
    }
    /// 
    /// 用新對象替換新文檔
    /// 
    /// 查詢條件
    /// 對象
    /// 修改影響文檔數(shù)
    public virtual void UpdateAsync(FilterDefinition filter, T t)
    {
       _collection.ReplaceOneAsync(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
       
    }
    /// 
    /// 根據(jù)Id和條件文檔
    /// 
    /// 修改條件-形如：Builders/.Update.Set(filed, value)
    /// 對象Id
    /// 修改影響文檔數(shù)
    public virtual long Update(string id, UpdateDefinition update)
    {
      var filterBuilder = Builders.Filter;
      var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", new ObjectId(id));
      var result = _collection.UpdateOne(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
      return result.ModifiedCount;
    }
    /// 
    /// 根據(jù)Id和條件文檔
    /// 
    /// 修改條件-形如：Builders/.Update.Set(filed, value)
    /// 對象Id
    /// 修改影響文檔數(shù)
    public virtual void UpdateAsync(string id, UpdateDefinition update)
    {
      var filterBuilder = Builders.Filter;
      var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", new ObjectId(id));
      _collection.UpdateOneAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });    
    }
    /// 
    /// 根據(jù)條件修改文檔
    /// 
    /// 修改條件-形如：Builders/.Update.Set(filed, value)
    /// 查詢條件Builders/.Filter.Eq(filed, value)
    /// 修改影響文檔數(shù)
    public virtual void Update(UpdateDefinition update,Expression> filter)
    {
      _collection.UpdateOne(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
    }
    /// 
    /// 根據(jù)條件修改文檔
    /// 
    /// 修改條件-形如：Builders/.Update.Set(filed, value)
    /// 查詢條件Builders/.Filter.Eq(filed, value)
    /// 修改影響文檔數(shù)
    public virtual long Update(UpdateDefinition update, FilterDefinition filter)
    {
      var result = _collection.UpdateOne(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
      return result.ModifiedCount;
    }
    /// 
    /// 根據(jù)條件修改文檔
    /// 
    /// 修改條件-形如：Builders/.Update.Set(filed, value)
    /// 查詢條件Builders/.Filter.Eq(filed, value)
    /// 修改影響文檔數(shù)
    public virtual void UpdateAsync(UpdateDefinition update, Expression> filter)
    {
      _collection.UpdateOneAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
    }
    /// 
    /// 根據(jù)條件修改文檔
    /// 
    /// 修改條件-形如：Builders/.Update.Set(filed, value)
    /// 查詢條件Builders/.Filter.Eq(filed, value)
    /// 修改影響文檔數(shù)
    public virtual void UpdateAsync(UpdateDefinition update, FilterDefinition filter)
    {
       _collection.UpdateOneAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
    }
 
    /// 
    /// 根據(jù)條件批量修改文檔
    /// 
    /// 修改條件-形如：Builders/.Update.Set(filed, value)
    /// 查詢條件Builders/.Filter.Eq(filed, value)
    /// 修改影響文檔數(shù)
    public virtual long UpdateBatch(UpdateDefinition update, Expression> filter)
    {
      var result = _collection.UpdateMany(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
      return result.ModifiedCount;
    }
 
    /// 
    /// 根據(jù)條件批量修改文檔
    /// 
    /// 修改條件-形如：Builders/.Update.Set(filed, value)
    /// 查詢條件Builders/.Filter.Eq(filed, value)
    /// 修改影響文檔數(shù)
    public virtual long UpdateBatch(UpdateDefinition update, FilterDefinition filter)
    {
      var result = _collection.UpdateMany(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
      return result.ModifiedCount;
    }
    /// 
    /// 根據(jù)條件批量修改文檔
    /// 
    /// 修改條件-形如：Builders/.Update.Set(filed, value)
    /// 查詢條件Builders/.Filter.Eq(filed, value)
    /// 修改影響文檔數(shù)
    public virtual void UpdateBatchAsync(UpdateDefinition update, Expression> filter)
    {
       _collection.UpdateManyAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
    }
 
    /// 
    /// 根據(jù)條件批量修改文檔
    /// 
    /// 修改條件-形如：Builders/.Update.Set(filed, value)
    /// 查詢條件Builders/.Filter.Eq(filed, value)
    /// 修改影響文檔數(shù)
    public virtual void UpdateBatchAsync(UpdateDefinition update, FilterDefinition filter)
    {
      _collection.UpdateManyAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true });
    }
    #endregion
 
    #region 查詢 
 
    #region GetCollection
 
    /// 
    /// 獲取操作對象的IMongoCollection集合,強類型對象集合
    /// 
    /// 
    public virtual IMongoCollection GetCollection()
    {
      return _database.GetCollection(typeof(T).Name);
    }
 
    #endregion
 
    #region GetSingle
    /// 
    /// 查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫,檢查是否存在指定ID的對象
    /// 
    /// 對象的ID值
    /// 存在則返回指定的對象,否則返回Null
    public virtual T GetById(string id)
    {
      var filterBuilder = Builders.Filter;
      var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", new ObjectId(id));
      var data = _collection.Find(filter).FirstOrDefault();
      return data;
    }
    /// 
    /// 查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫,檢查是否存在指定ID的對象
    /// 
    /// 對象的ID值
    /// 存在則返回指定的對象,否則返回Null
    public virtual async Task GetAsyncById(string id)
    {
      var filterBuilder = Builders.Filter;
      var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", new ObjectId(id));
      var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter);
      return await data.SingleOrDefaultAsync();
    }
    /// 
    /// 查詢數(shù)據(jù)
    /// 
    /// 過濾條件
    /// 
    public virtual T Get(FilterDefinition filter)
    {
      return _collection.Find(filter).FirstOrDefault();
    }
    /// 
    /// 查詢數(shù)據(jù)
    /// 
    /// 條件表達式
    /// 
    public virtual T Get(Expression> filter)
    {
      return _collection.Find(filter).FirstOrDefault();
    }
    /// 
    /// 查詢數(shù)據(jù)
    /// 
    /// 過濾條件
    /// 
    public virtual async Task GetAsync(FilterDefinition filter)
    {
      var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter);
      return await data.SingleOrDefaultAsync();
    }
    /// 
    /// 查詢數(shù)據(jù)
    /// 
    /// 條件表達式
    /// 
    public virtual async Task GetAsync(Expression> filter)
    {
      var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter);
      return await data.SingleOrDefaultAsync();
    }
 
 
    #endregion
 
    #region GetMany
    /// 
    /// 查詢部分數(shù)據(jù)
    /// 
    /// 過濾條件
    /// 
    public virtual IEnumerable GetMany(FilterDefinition filter)
    {
      return _collection.Find(filter).ToEnumerable();
    }
 
    /// 
    /// 查詢部分數(shù)據(jù)
    /// 
    /// 條件表達式
    /// 
    public virtual IEnumerable GetMany(Expression> filter)
    {
      //return _collection.AsQueryable().Where(filter).ToList();
      //return _collection.AsQueryable().Where(filter);
      return _collection.Find(filter).ToEnumerable(); //.ToEnumerable(); 
    }
 
    /// 
    /// 查詢部分數(shù)據(jù)
    /// 
    /// 過濾條件
    /// 
    public virtual async Task> GetManyAsync(FilterDefinition filter)
    {
      var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter);
      return await data.ToListAsync();
    }
 
    /// 
    /// 查詢部分數(shù)據(jù)
    /// 
    /// 過濾條件
    /// 
    public virtual async Task> GetManyAsync(Expression> filter)
    {
      var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter);
      return await data.ToListAsync();
    }
     
    #endregion
 
    #region GetAll
 
    /// 
    /// 查詢所有記錄，復(fù)雜查詢直接用Linq處理(避免全表掃描)
    /// 
    /// 要查詢的對象
    public virtual IEnumerable GetAll()
    {
      var data = _collection.AsQueryable();
      return data.ToEnumerable();
    }
    /// 
    /// 查詢所有記錄，復(fù)雜查詢直接用Linq處理(避免全表掃描)
    /// 
    /// 要查詢的對象
    public virtual async Task> GetAllAsync()
    {
      var data = _collection.AsQueryable();
      return await data.ToListAsync();
    }
 
    /// 
    /// 查詢所有記錄，復(fù)雜查詢直接用Linq處理(避免全表掃描)
    /// 
    /// 要查詢的對象
    public virtual IQueryable GetAllQueryable()
    {
      return _collection.AsQueryable();
    }
 
    #endregion
 
    #region MapReduce
    ///  
    /// MapReduce
    ///    
    /// 返回一個List列表數(shù)據(jù) 
    public IEnumerable GetMap(BsonJavaScript map,BsonJavaScript reduce)
    {
      return _collection.MapReduce(map,reduce).ToList();
    }
 
 
    #endregion
 
    #endregion
  }
 
}

好了，就介紹到這里。

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