Linux下Nagios的安裝與配置<<二>>

篇幅所限，看“Linux下Nagios的安裝與配置<< 二 >>”之前請(qǐng)先看“Linux下Nagios的安裝與配置<< 一 >>”

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未完，還有Linux下Nagios的安裝與配置<< 三 >>

localhost.cfg

Definehost{

Use linux-server ; Name of host template to use

; This host definition will inherit all variables that are defined

; in (or inherited by) the linux-server host template definition.

Host_name Nagios-Server

Alias Nagios-Server

Address 127.0.0.1

}

definehostgroup{

hostgroup_name linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup

Alias Linux Servers ; Long name of thegroup

members Nagios-Server ; Comma separated listof hosts that belong to this group

}

defineservice{

Use local-service ; Name of service template to use

Host_name Nagios-Server

service_description PING

check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%

}

Defineservice{

use local-service ; Name of service template to use

host_name Nagios-Server

service_description Root Partition

check_command check_local_disk!20%!10%!/

}

defineservice{

use local-service ; Name of service template to use

host_name Nagios-Server

service_description Current Users

check_command check_local_users!20!50

}

defineservice{

use local-service ; Name of service template to use

host_name Nagios-Server

service_description Total Processes

check_command check_local_procs!250!400!RSZDT

}

Defineservice{

Use local-service ; Name of service template to use

host_name Nagios-Server

service_description Current Load

check_command check_local_load!5.0,4.0,3.0!10.0,6.0,4.0

}

defineservice{

use local-service ; Name of service template to use

host_name Nagios-Server

service_description Swap Usage

check_command check_local_swap!20!10

}

defineservice{

Use local-service ; Name of service template to use

host_name Nagios-Server

service_description SSH

check_command check_ssh

notifications_enabled 0

}

defineservice{

Use local-service ; Name of service template to use

host_name Nagios-Server

service_description HTTP

check_command check_http

notifications_enabled 0

}

windows.cfg，本實(shí)驗(yàn)主要采用組進(jìn)行配置，此文檔不刪掉不使，下面配置供參考。

definehost{

use windows-server ; Inherit default values from a template

host_name Nagios-Windows ; The name we're giving to this host

alias My Windows Server ; A longer name associated with the host

address 192.168.1.113 ; IP address of the host

}

definehostgroup{

hostgroup_name windows-servers ; The name of the hostgroup

alias Windows Servers ; Long name of thegroup

}

defineservice{

use generic-service

host_name Nagios-Windows

service_description NSClient++ Version

check_command check_nt!CLIENTVERSION

}

defineservice{

use generic-service

host_name Nagios-Windows

service_description Uptime

check_command check_nt!UPTIME

}

defineservice{

use generic-service

host_name Nagios-Windows

service_description CPU Load

check_command check_nt!CPULOAD!-l 5,80,90

}

defineservice{

use generic-service

host_name Nagios-Windows

service_description Memory Usage

check_command check_nt!MEMUSE!-w 80 -c 90

}

defineservice{

use generic-service

host_name Nagios-Windows

service_description C:\ Drive Space

check_command check_nt!USEDDISKSPACE!-l c -w 80 -c90

}

defineservice{

use generic-service

host_name Nagios-Windows

service_description W3SVC

check_command check_nt!SERVICESTATE!-d SHOWALL -lW3SVC

}

defineservice{

use generic-service

host_name Nagios-Windows

service_description Explorer

check_command check_nt!PROCSTATE!-d SHOWALL -lExplorer.exe

}

e. services.cfg文件

此文件默認(rèn)也不存在，需要手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建，services.cfg文件主要用于定義監(jiān)控的服務(wù)和主機(jī)資源，例如監(jiān)控http服務(wù)、ftp服務(wù)、主機(jī)磁盤空間、主機(jī)系統(tǒng)負(fù)載等等。Nagios-Server和Nagios-Windows相關(guān)服務(wù)已在相應(yīng)的配置文件中定義，所以這里只需要定義Nagios-Linux相關(guān)服務(wù)即可，這里只定義一個(gè)檢測(cè)是否存活的服務(wù)來(lái)驗(yàn)證配置文件的正確性，其他服務(wù)的定義將在后面講到。

define service{

use local-service ; #引用local-service服務(wù)的屬性值，local-service在templates.cfg文件中進(jìn)行了定義。

host_name Nagios-Linux ; #指定要監(jiān)控哪個(gè)主機(jī)上的服務(wù)，“Nagios-Server”在hosts.cfg文件中進(jìn)行了定義。

service_description PING ; #對(duì)監(jiān)控服務(wù)內(nèi)容的描述，以供維護(hù)人員參考。

contact_groups linuxcontact

check_command check-host-alive ; #指定檢查的命令。

}

define service{

use local-service

host_name Nagios-Linux

service_description CurrentLoad

contact_groups linuxcontact

check_command check_nrpe!check_load

}

define service{

use local-service

host_name Nagios-Linux

service_description TotalProcesses

contact_groups linuxcontact

check_command check_nrpe!check_total_procs

}

define service{

use local-service

host_name Nagios-Linux

service_description CurrentUsers

contact_groups linux contact

check_command check_nrpe!check_users

}

define service{

use local-service

host_name Nagios-Linux

service_description CheckZombie Procs

contact_groups linuxcontact

check_command check_nrpe!check_zombie_procs

}

define service{

use local-service

host_name Nagios-Linux

service_description Check Swap

contact_groups linux contact

check_command check_nrpe!check_swap

}

# SERVICE DEFINITIONS

#

###############################################################################

# Create a service for monitoring the versionof NSCLient++ that is installed

# Change the host_name to match the name ofthe host you defined above

define service{

use generic-service

host_name Nagios-Windows

service_description NSClient++Version

contact_groups windowscontact

check_command check_nt!CLIENTVERSION

}

# Create a service for monitoring the uptimeof the server

# Change the host_name to match the name ofthe host you defined above

define service{

use generic-service

host_name Nagios-Windows

service_description Uptime

contact_groups windowscontact

check_command check_nt!UPTIME

}

# Create a service for monitoring CPU load

# Change the host_name to match the name ofthe host you defined above

define service{

use generic-service

host_name Nagios-Windows

service_description CPU Load

contact_groups windowscontact

check_command check_nt!CPULOAD!-l 5,80,90

}

# Create a service for monitoring memoryusage

# Change the host_name to match the name ofthe host you defined above

define service{

use generic-service

host_name Nagios-Windows

service_description MemoryUsage

contact_groups windowscontact

check_command check_nt!MEMUSE!-w 80 -c 90

}

# Create a service for monitoring C:\ diskusage

# Change the host_name to match the name ofthe host you defined above

define service{

use generic-service

host_name Nagios-Windows

service_description C:\ DriveSpace

contact_groups windowscontact

check_command check_nt!USEDDISKSPACE!-l c -w 80 -c 90

}

# Create a service for monitoring the W3SVCservice

# Change the host_name to match the name ofthe host you defined above

define service{

use generic-service

host_name Nagios-Windows

service_description W3SVC

contact_groups windowscontact

check_command check_nt!SERVICESTATE!-d SHOWALL -l W3SVC

}

# Create a service for monitoring theExplorer.exe process

# Change the host_name to match the name ofthe host you defined above

define service{

use generic-service

host_name Nagios-Windows

service_description Explorer

contact_groups windowscontact

check_command check_nt!PROCSTATE!-d SHOWALL -l Explorer.exe

}

f. contacts.cfg，contactgroup.cfg文件，默認(rèn)不存在，需手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建！

contacts.cfg是一個(gè)定義聯(lián)系人和聯(lián)系人組的配置文件，當(dāng)監(jiān)控的主機(jī)或者服務(wù)出現(xiàn)故障，nagios會(huì)通過(guò)指定的通知方式（郵件或者短信）將信息發(fā)給這里指定的聯(lián)系人或者使用者。contactgroup.cfg定義聯(lián)系人組的配置文件，注意：members選項(xiàng)里面的聯(lián)系人在contacts.cfg里面要要定義，多個(gè)聯(lián)系從之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。

contacts.cfg下面的配置文檔

definecontact{

contact_name echo ; Short name of user

use generic-contact ; Inheritdefault values from generic-contact template (defined above)

alias linux contact ; Full name of user

email test1@163.com ; <<***** CHANGE THIS TO YOUREMAIL ADDRESS ******

}

definecontact{

contact_name jason ; Short name of user

use generic-contact ; Inheritdefault values from generic-contact template (defined above)

alias windows contact ; Full name of user

email test2@qq.com ; <<***** CHANGE THIS TO YOUREMAIL ADDRESS ******

}

definecontact{

contact_name johnson ; Short name of user

use generic-contact ; Inheritdefault values from generic-contact template (defined above)

alias windows and linuxcontact ; Full name of user

email test3@qq.com ; <<***** CHANGE THIS TOYOUR EMAIL ADDRESS ******

}

contactgroup.cfg下面的配置文檔

# We only have one contact in this simpleconfiguration file, so there is

# no need to create more than one contactgroup.

define contactgroup{

contactgroup_name linuxcontact

alias linuxserver contact

members echo,johnson

}

define contactgroup{

contactgroup_name windows contact

alias windowsserver contact

members jason,johnson

}

define contactgroup{

contactgroup_name allcontact

alias linux andwindows server contact

members jason,echo,johnson

}

g. timeperiods.cfg文件

此文件只要用于定義監(jiān)控的時(shí)間段，下面是一個(gè)配置好的實(shí)例：也可以根據(jù)自己需求監(jiān)控情況進(jìn)行配置。

#下面是定義一個(gè)名為24x7的時(shí)間段，即監(jiān)控所有時(shí)間段

definetimeperiod{

timeperiod_name 24x7 #時(shí)間段的名稱,這個(gè)地方不要有空格

alias 24 Hours A Day, 7 Days A Week

sunday 00:00-24:00

monday 00:00-24:00

tuesday 00:00-24:00

wednesday 00:00-24:00

thursday 00:00-24:00

friday 00:00-24:00

saturday 00:00-24:00

}

#下面是定義一個(gè)名為workhours的時(shí)間段，即工作時(shí)間段。

definetimeperiod{

timeperiod_name workhours

alias Normal Work Hours

monday 09:00-17:00

tuesday 09:00-17:00

wednesday 09:00-17:00

thursday 09:00-17:00

friday 09:00-17:00

}

h. cgi.cfg文件

此文件用來(lái)控制相關(guān)cgi腳本，如果想在nagios的web監(jiān)控界面執(zhí)行cgi腳本，例如重啟nagios進(jìn)程、關(guān)閉nagios通知、停止nagios主機(jī)檢測(cè)等，這時(shí)就需要配置cgi.cfg文件了。
由于nagios的web監(jiān)控界面驗(yàn)證用戶為david，所以只需在cgi.cfg文件中添加此用戶的執(zhí)行權(quán)限就可以了，需要修改的配置信息如下：

default_user_name=david

authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin,david

authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin,david

authorized_for_system_commands=david

authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin,david

authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin,david

authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin,david

authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin,david

i. nagios.cfg文件

nagios.cfg默認(rèn)的路徑為/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg，是nagios的核心配置文件，所有的對(duì)象配置文件都必須在這個(gè)文件中進(jìn)行定義才能發(fā)揮其作用，這里只需將對(duì)象配置文件在Nagios.cfg文件中進(jìn)行引用即可。

log_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/nagios.log #定義nagios日志文件的路徑

#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg # “cfg_file”變量用來(lái)引用對(duì)象配置文件，如果有更多的對(duì)象配置文件，在這里依次添加即可。
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg#默認(rèn)開(kāi)啟，需注銷
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg#默認(rèn)開(kāi)啟，需注銷
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg #默認(rèn)開(kāi)啟，需注銷
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg#默認(rèn)開(kāi)啟，需注銷

#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg#默認(rèn)開(kāi)啟，需注銷
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg #本機(jī)配置文件,默認(rèn)開(kāi)啟，需注銷
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/windows.cfg # windows主機(jī)配置文件默認(rèn)開(kāi)啟，需注銷

cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/servers #servers文件默認(rèn)不存在，需手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建

#object_cache_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/objects.cache #該變量用于指定一個(gè)“所有對(duì)象配置文件”的副本文件，或者叫對(duì)象緩沖文件

precached_object_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/objects.precache
resource_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/resource.cfg #該變量用于指定nagios資源文件的路徑，可以在nagios.cfg中定義多個(gè)資源文件。

status_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/status.dat #該變量用于定義一個(gè)狀態(tài)文件，此文件用于保存nagios的當(dāng)前狀態(tài)、注釋和宕機(jī)信息等。

status_update_interval=10 #該變量用于定義狀態(tài)文件（即status.dat）的更新時(shí)間間隔，單位是秒，最小更新間隔是1秒。

nagios_user=nagios #該變量指定了Nagios進(jìn)程使用哪個(gè)用戶運(yùn)行。
nagios_group=nagios #該變量用于指定Nagios使用哪個(gè)用戶組運(yùn)行。

check_external_commands=1 #該變量用于設(shè)置是否允許nagios在web監(jiān)控界面運(yùn)行cgi命令;
#也就是是否允許nagios在web界面下執(zhí)行重啟nagios、停止主機(jī)/服務(wù)檢查等操作;
# “1”為運(yùn)行，“0”為不允許。

command_check_interval=10s #該變量用于設(shè)置nagios對(duì)外部命令檢測(cè)的時(shí)間間隔，如果指定了一個(gè)數(shù)字加一個(gè)"s"(如10s);
#那么外部檢測(cè)命令的間隔是這個(gè)數(shù)值以秒為單位的時(shí)間間隔;
#如果沒(méi)有用"s"，那么外部檢測(cè)命令的間隔是以這個(gè)數(shù)值的“時(shí)間單位”的時(shí)間間隔。
interval_length=60 #該變量指定了nagios的時(shí)間單位，默認(rèn)值是60秒，也就是1分鐘;
#即在nagios配置中所有的時(shí)間單位都是分鐘。

6.4驗(yàn)證Nagios配置文件的正確性

Nagios在驗(yàn)證配置文件方面做的非常到位，只需通過(guò)一個(gè)命令即可完成：

#/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

Nagios提供的這個(gè)驗(yàn)證功能非常有用，在錯(cuò)誤信息中通常會(huì)打印出錯(cuò)誤的配置文件以及文件中的哪一行，這使得nagios的配置變得非常容易，報(bào)警信息通常是可以忽略的，因?yàn)橐话隳切┲皇墙ㄗh性的。

看到上面這些信息就說(shuō)明沒(méi)問(wèn)題了，然后啟動(dòng)Nagios服務(wù)。

七、Nagios的啟動(dòng)與停止

7.1啟動(dòng)Nagios

a.通過(guò)初始化腳本啟動(dòng)nagios

#/etc/init.d/nagios start
or
# service nagios start

b.手工方式啟動(dòng)nagios

通過(guò)nagios命令的“-d”參數(shù)來(lái)啟動(dòng)nagios守護(hù)進(jìn)程：

#/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

7.2重啟Nagios

當(dāng)修改了配置文件讓其生效時(shí)，需要重啟/重載Nagios服務(wù)。

a.通過(guò)初始化腳本來(lái)重啟nagios

#/etc/init.d/nagios reload
or
# /etc/init.d/nagios restart
or
# service nagios restart

b.通過(guò)web監(jiān)控頁(yè)重啟nagios

可以通過(guò)web監(jiān)控頁(yè)的 "ProcessInfo" -> "Restart the Nagios process"來(lái)重啟nagios

c.手工方式平滑重啟

#kill -HUP

7.3停止Nagios

a.通過(guò)初始化腳本關(guān)閉nagios服務(wù)

#/etc/init.d/nagios stop
or
# service nagios stop

b.通過(guò)web監(jiān)控頁(yè)停止nagios

可以通過(guò)web監(jiān)控頁(yè)的 "ProcessInfo" -> "Shutdown the Nagios process"來(lái)停止nagios

c.手工方式停止Nagios

#kill

八、查看初步配置情況

8.1啟動(dòng)完成之后，登錄Nagios Web監(jiān)控頁(yè)http://192.168.1.108/nagios/查看相關(guān)信息。

8.2點(diǎn)擊左面的Current Status -> Hosts可以看到所定義的三臺(tái)主機(jī)已經(jīng)全部UP了。

8.3點(diǎn)擊Current Status -> Services查看服務(wù)監(jiān)控情況。

看到Nagios-Linux和Nagios-Server的服務(wù)狀態(tài)已經(jīng)OK了，但是Nagios-Windows的服務(wù)狀態(tài)為CRITICAL，StatusInformation提示Connection refused。因?yàn)镹agios-Windows上還未安裝插件，內(nèi)部服務(wù)還無(wú)法查看，所以出現(xiàn)這種情況。將在下面具體講解。

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