rhel6.3中yum源如何配置

這篇文章主要介紹了rhel6.3中yum源如何配置，具有一定借鑒價(jià)值，感興趣的朋友可以參考下，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后大有收獲，下面讓小編帶著大家一起了解一下。

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環(huán)境：RHEL6.3

創(chuàng)建本地yum源步驟如下：

1、首先檢查是否有YUM命令，如果沒(méi)有請(qǐng)安裝

#rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-30.el6.noarch.rpm

再次檢查是否有createrepo，如果沒(méi)有請(qǐng)安裝createrepo包，裝這個(gè)包之前先裝以下兩個(gè)包；

[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.i686.rpm

warning: deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:deltarpm ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.i686.rpm

warning: python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:python-deltarpm ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh createrepo-0.9.8-5.el6.noarch.rpm

2、新建本地源目錄

#mkdir /Packages #存放本地YUM所需的文件

將光盤(pán)上的Packages下的所有安裝包都放置到這個(gè)目錄中，還有把光盤(pán)上的RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release也拷貝到這個(gè)目錄中

3. 在/Packages 目錄下，執(zhí)行createrepo /Packages

2842/2842 - xorg-x11-fonts-misc-7.2-9.1.el6.noarch.rpm

Saving Primary metadata

Saving file lists metadata

Saving other metadata

會(huì)生成 repodata目錄，并有四個(gè)關(guān)鍵文件，現(xiàn)在查看一下

[root@localhost Packages]# ls -d */

HighAvailability/ images/ isolinux/ LoadBalancer/ repodata/

[root@localhost Packages]# cd repodata

[root@localhost repodata]# ls

filelists.xml.gz other.xml.gz primary.xml.gz repomd.xml

注：repodata作為軟件的倉(cāng)庫(kù)，其目錄下有四個(gè)必要文件：filelists.xml.gz other.xml.gz primary.xml.gz repomd.xml(md意思是metadata)，其中最主要的是repomd.xml文件。一般出現(xiàn)的找不到repodata目錄或文件的錯(cuò)誤的原因通常有三個(gè)：一是路徑問(wèn)題；二是沒(méi)有生成repodata目錄；三是*.repo配置文件沖突（這個(gè)需要特別注意，需要將/etc/yum.repos.d下的其他repo文件的enabled=0設(shè)置或者刪除其他的repo文件）。以上四個(gè)文件要建立yum庫(kù)后才會(huì)出現(xiàn)，在下面的示例中，路徑為：/Packages /repodata/

4. 在/etc/yum.repos.d下新建一個(gè)yum.repo。內(nèi)容如下：

[RHEL]

name=rhel6.3

baseurl=file:///Packages

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///Packages/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

enabled=1

解釋：

[....] 代表這個(gè)庫(kù)的名字，必須是唯一的，不可以重復(fù)。

name＝是這個(gè)庫(kù)的說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有太大的實(shí)際意義，只是一個(gè)字段說(shuō)明。

baseurl＝說(shuō)明采取什么方式傳輸，具體路徑在哪里，可以使用的方式有,file://，ftp://，http://等

enabled=1 說(shuō)明啟用這個(gè)更新庫(kù)，0表示不啟用。

gpgcheck=0 表示不使用gpg文件來(lái)檢查軟件包的簽名 1表示使用簽名

gpgkey= 表示gpg文件所存放的位置，此處也可以有http方式的位置。

到此就可以測(cè)試yum庫(kù)創(chuàng)建是否成功了。

5、測(cè)試一下

[root@localhost /]# yum -y install telnet*

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager

Updating certificate-based repositories.

Unable to read consumer identity

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package telnet.i686 1:0.17-47.el6 will be installed

---> Package telnet-server.i686 1:0.17-47.el6 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: xinetd for package: 1:telnet-server-0.17-47.el6.i686

--> Running transaction check

---> Package xinetd.i686 2:2.3.14-34.el6 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===============================================================================================

Installing:

telnet i686 1:0.17-47.el6 RHEL 57 k

telnet-server i686 1:0.17-47.el6 RHEL 36 k

Installing for dependencies:

xinetd i686 2:2.3.14-34.el6 RHEL 121 k

Transaction Summary

===============================================================================================

Install 3 Package(s)

Total download size: 214 k

Installed size: 409 k

Downloading Packages:

Error Downloading Packages:

1:telnet-0.17-47.el6.i686: failure: Packages/telnet-0.17-47.el6.i686.rpm from RHEL: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.

2:xinetd-2.3.14-34.el6.i686: failure: Packages/xinetd-2.3.14-34.el6.i686.rpm from RHEL: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.

1:telnet-server-0.17-47.el6.i686: failure: Packages/telnet-server-0.17-47.el6.i686.rpm from RHEL: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.

發(fā)現(xiàn)安裝失敗，沒(méi)有自己發(fā)現(xiàn)軟件包之間的依賴關(guān)系。更新一下

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager

Updating certificate-based repositories.

Unable to read consumer identity

Cleaning repos: RHEL

Cleaning up Everything

然后再裝，就可以了

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install telnet*

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager

Updating certificate-based repositories.

Unable to read consumer identity

RHEL | 1.3 kB 00:00 ...

RHEL/primary | 1.3 MB 00:00 ...

RHEL 2842/2842

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package telnet.i686 1:0.17-47.el6 will be installed

---> Package telnet-server.i686 1:0.17-47.el6 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: xinetd for package: 1:telnet-server-0.17-47.el6.i686

--> Running transaction check

---> Package xinetd.i686 2:2.3.14-34.el6 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===============================================================================================

Installing:

telnet i686 1:0.17-47.el6 RHEL 57 k

telnet-server i686 1:0.17-47.el6 RHEL 36 k

Installing for dependencies:

xinetd i686 2:2.3.14-34.el6 RHEL 121 k

Transaction Summary

===============================================================================================

Install 3 Package(s)

Total download size: 214 k

Installed size: 409 k

Downloading Packages:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 4.1 MB/s | 214 kB 00:00

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

Installing : 2:xinetd-2.3.14-34.el6.i686 1/3

Installing : 1:telnet-server-0.17-47.el6.i686 2/3

Installing : 1:telnet-0.17-47.el6.i686 3/3

Installed products updated.

Verifying : 1:telnet-server-0.17-47.el6.i686 1/3

Verifying : 2:xinetd-2.3.14-34.el6.i686 2/3

Verifying : 1:telnet-0.17-47.el6.i686 3/3

Installed:

telnet.i686 1:0.17-47.el6 telnet-server.i686 1:0.17-47.el6

Dependency Installed:

xinetd.i686 2:2.3.14-34.el6

Complete!

做一下YUM的緩存，方便加速

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager

Updating certificate-based repositories.

Unable to read consumer identity

RHEL | 1.3 kB 00:00 ...

RHEL/filelists | 2.9 MB 00:00 ...

RHEL/other | 1.3 MB 00:00 ...

RHEL 2842/2842

Metadata Cache Created

提醒注意：yum install [軟件名] 這里最好不要用全名，雖然有些包的安裝也是可以的。但是本人測(cè)試，遇到安裝失敗的麻煩。

一些有用的YUM命令：

yum remove | erase 軟件名1 [軟件名2] [...]

yum list [...]

yum info [...]

yum provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]

yum clean [ packages | headers | metadata | dbcache | all ]

yum makecache

自動(dòng)分析依賴性關(guān)系是YUM最好的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，也是目前最方便的安裝方法。

用的上的命令

createrepo --update /Packages/ # 更新本地源,如果新增了RPM包

createrepo /Packages/ # 重新生成metadata

createrepo --update:

有時(shí)候你的軟件倉(cāng)庫(kù)中含有很多的軟件包，雖然只是其中的一小部分有所改動(dòng)但是你卻不必為每個(gè)軟件包重新產(chǎn)生元數(shù)據(jù)，這樣做明顯太浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。createrepo只更新那些在上次產(chǎn)生元數(shù)據(jù)之后被改變，添加或者刪除了的項(xiàng)目.

使用ftp做 yum源

上面的設(shè)置只能使本機(jī)使用yum源，為了使其他機(jī)器也可以使用，所以在源機(jī)器上配置ftp server

1. yum install vsftpd

2. 在其他機(jī)器上通過(guò)ftp命令訪問(wèn)測(cè)試，如果出現(xiàn)500 OOPS: cannot change directry, 那么在源機(jī)器執(zhí)行setsebool -P ftp_home_dir on，然后service vsftpd restart

3. 在 /var/ftp/pub 下面做mount, 而不是做符號(hào)鏈接，因?yàn)槿绻欠?hào)鏈接那么從瀏覽器訪問(wèn)會(huì)出現(xiàn)550 Failed to change directory.當(dāng)然也可以把/Packages下的所有拷貝到pub下。

#mkdir /rh75
#umount /dev/sr0
# mount /dev/sr0 /rh75

cd /var/ftp/pub , mkdir yum, mount --bind /rh75 yum

4. 設(shè)置yum ftp連接方式（包括源機(jī)器也可以這樣設(shè)置，兩邊的repo可以一樣）

/etc/yum.repos.d下修改一下yum.repo

[RHEL1]

name=rhel6.3

baseurl=ftp://192.168.1.130/pub/yum/

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

使用HTTP做YUM源

1 安裝httpd安裝包 #yum -y install httpd

2 如上創(chuàng)建本地更新源

#cd /var/www/html/

#mkdir yum

# mount --bind /rh75 /yum

或者比如yum文件都在/rh75下

[root@localhost html]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo

[root@localhost html]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo

[RHEL]

name=rhel6.3

baseurl=http://192.168.1.130/yum/

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

3 service httpd start #啟動(dòng)httpd守護(hù)進(jìn)程，否則在其他機(jī)器上會(huì)提示找不到相關(guān)源

4 測(cè)試一下

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa|grep telnet

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install telnet*

Installed:

telnet.i686 1:0.17-47.el6 telnet-server.i686 1:0.17-47.el6

Dependency Installed:

xinetd.i686 2:2.3.14-34.el6

Complete!

使用ISO光盤(pán)直接掛成本地YUM源

1、先把ISO光盤(pán)掛接到系統(tǒng)，然后mount看一下

[root@localhost network-scripts]# mount
/dev/sda3 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0")
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /root/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/sr0 on /media/RHEL_6.3 i386 Disc 1 type iso9660 (ro,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks,uid=0,gid=0,iocharset=utf8,mode=0400,dmode=0500)

2、接著在根下或在其他目錄建一個(gè)目錄

#cd /
#mkdir rhel6
#umount /dev/sr0
# mount /dev/sr0 /rhel6
3、編輯REPO文件
#cd /etc/yum.repos.d
#vi yum.repo
[RHEL]
name=rhel6.3
baseurl=file:///rhel6 (如果是rhel5,則是file:///rhel5/Server,因?yàn)閞epodata/repomd.xml不在光盤(pán)根下)
enabled=1
# service iptables stop
# setenforce 0
# yum -y install telnet
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
Updating certificate-based repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
RHEL | 4.0 kB 00:00 ...
RHEL/primary_db | 2.5 MB 00:00 ...
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package telnet.i686 1:0.17-47.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
telnet i686 1:0.17-47.el6 RHEL 57 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)

Total download size: 57 k
Installed size: 102 k
Downloading Packages:
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY

Public key for telnet-0.17-47.el6.i686.rpm is not installed
注意這是出現(xiàn)NOKEY錯(cuò)誤，檢查YUM.REPO文件沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，那么需要看yum.conf主配文件

#cat /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=3

將/etc/yum.conf中的gpgcheck=1改為gpgcheck=0（不檢查軟件包簽名）即可。

注：在做YUM源時(shí)，確保源和使用源的LINUX主機(jī)的REPO文件和yum.conf文件配置一致。

最后再試就正常了

#yum -y install telnet

Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : 1:telnet-0.17-47.el6.i686 1/1
Installed products updated.
Verifying : 1:telnet-0.17-47.el6.i686 1/1

Installed:
telnet.i686 1:0.17-47.el6

Complete!

vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

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