MongoDBPython驅(qū)動(dòng)
使用pip install pymongo安裝
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1.連接MongoDB實(shí)例
In [60]: from pymongo import MongoClient
In [61]: client=MongoClient('mongodb://10.10.41.25:2911')
In [62]: client=MongoClient('10.10.41.25',2911)兩種寫法都行
2.獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫信息
In [63]: db=client.game In [64]: db=client['game']
兩種寫法都行
3.獲取集合信息
In [85]: collection=db.player In [86]: collection=db['player']
兩種寫法都行
4.插入一個(gè)文檔記錄
MongoDB以JSON格式存儲(chǔ)和顯示數(shù)據(jù)。在pymongo中以字典的方式顯示數(shù)據(jù)。
In [95]: import datetime
In [96]: post={"author":"Mike","text":"My first blog post!","tags":["mongodb","python","pymongo"],"date":datetime.datetime.utcnow()}In [132]: posts=db.posts
In [133]: post_id=posts.insert(post)
In [134]: post_id
Out[134]: ObjectId('550ad8677a50900165feae9d')當(dāng)插入一個(gè)文檔時(shí)，一個(gè)特殊的key，"_id"將自動(dòng)添加到這個(gè)文檔中。
In [136]: db.collection_names() Out[136]: [u'system.indexes',u'posts']
5.使用find_one()獲取單個(gè)文檔
In [141]: posts.find_one()
Out[141]:
{u'_id': ObjectId('550ad8677a50900165feae9d'),
u'author': u'Mike',
u'date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 19, 14, 7, 14, 572000),
u'tags': [u'mongodb', u'python', u'pymongo'],
u'text': u'My first blog post!'}
In [142]: posts.find_one({"author":"Mike"})
Out[142]:
{u'_id': ObjectId('550ad8677a50900165feae9d'),
u'author': u'Mike',
u'date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 19, 14, 7, 14, 572000),
u'tags': [u'mongodb', u'python', u'pymongo'],
u'text': u'My first blog post!'}
In [143]: posts.find_one({"author":"Eliot"})
In [144]:MongoDB以BSON格式存儲(chǔ)字符，而BSON字符串是以UTF-8編碼，所以PyMongo必須要確保它存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)是有效的UTF-8編碼的數(shù)據(jù)。常規(guī)字符串直接存儲(chǔ)，但是經(jīng)過編碼的字符串首先以UTF-8編碼存儲(chǔ)。
6.使用ObjectID查找文檔
In [151]: post_id
Out[151]: ObjectId('550ad8677a50900165feae9d')
In [152]: posts.find_one({"_id":post_id})
Out[152]:
{u'_id': ObjectId('550ad8677a50900165feae9d'),
u'author': u'Mike',
u'date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 19, 14, 7, 14, 572000),
u'tags': [u'mongodb', u'python', u'pymongo'],
u'text': u'My first blog post!'}ObjectID和它表示的字符串不一樣
In [154]: post_id_as_str=str(post_id)
In [155]: posts.find_one({"_id":post_id_as_str})沒有任何結(jié)果顯示
在一些WEB應(yīng)用中，需要更加URL獲取post_id進(jìn)而根據(jù)post_id查找匹配的文檔。在使用find_one()查找之前有必要將post_id從字符串轉(zhuǎn)換成為ObjectID
7.批量插入文檔數(shù)據(jù)
>>> new_posts = [{"author": "Mike",...
"text": "Another post!",
"tags": ["bulk", "insert"],
"date": datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 12, 11, 14)},
{"author": "Eliot",
"title": "MongoDB is fun",
"text": "and pretty easy too!",
"date": datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 10, 10, 45)}]
>>> posts.insert(new_posts)[ObjectId('...'), ObjectId('...')]8.查詢多個(gè)文檔數(shù)據(jù)
In [165]: for post in posts.find():
post
.....:
.....:
Out[166]:
{u'_id': ObjectId('550ad8677a50900165feae9d'),
u'author': u'Mike',
u'date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 19, 14, 7, 14, 572000),
u'tags': [u'mongodb', u'python', u'pymongo'],
u'text': u'My first blog post!'}
Out[166]:
{u'_id': ObjectId('550b87d47a50907021e3473b'),
u'author': u'Mike',
u'date': datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 12, 11, 14),
u'text': u'Another post!'}
Out[166]:
{u'_id': ObjectId('550b87d47a50907021e3473c'),
u'author': u'Eliot',
u'title': u'MongoDB is fun'}In [169]: for post in posts.find({"author" : "Mike"}):
.....: post
.....:
.....:
Out[169]:
{u'_id': ObjectId('550ad8677a50900165feae9d'),
u'author': u'Mike',
u'date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 19, 14, 7, 14, 572000),
u'tags': [u'mongodb', u'python', u'pymongo'],
u'text': u'My first blog post!'}
Out[169]:
{u'_id': ObjectId('550b87d47a50907021e3473b'),
u'author': u'Mike',
u'date': datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 12, 11, 14),
u'text': u'Another post!'}9.總計(jì)
In [170]: posts.count()
Out[170]: 3
In [171]: posts.find({"author":"Mike"}).count()
Out[171]: 210.范圍查詢
In [183]: d=datetime.datetime(2009,11,12,12)
In [184]: for post in posts.find({"date":{"$lt":d}}).sort("author"):
.....: print post
.....:
.....:
{u'date': datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 12, 11, 14), u'text': u'Another post!', u'_id': ObjectId('550b87d47a50907021e3473b'), u'author': u'Mike'}11.索引
使用索引可以加快查詢速度，縮小查詢范圍。
In [201]: posts.find({"date" : {"$lt":d}}).sort("author").explain()["cursor"]
Out[201]: u'BasicCursor'
In [202]: posts.find({"date" : {"$lt":d}}).sort("author").explain()["nscanned"]
Out[202]: 3創(chuàng)建組合索引
In [241]: from pymongo import ASCENDING,DESCENDING
In [242]: posts.create_index([("date",DESCENDING),("author",ASCENDING)])
Out[242]: u'date_-1_author_1'
In [243]: posts.find({"date" : {"$lt":d}}).sort("author").explain()["nscanned"]
Out[243]: 112.
參考文檔
http://api.mongodb.org/python/current/tutorial.html?_ga=1.58141740.722641156.1410499072
新聞標(biāo)題：MongoDBPython驅(qū)動(dòng)
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